文章摘要:
Synthesis and improvement of flocculants for treating oily
wastewater
Wang Lina1, Li Ye1,Xue Shuang1,Fang
Bo2.
(1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan
University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070;
2. School of Environmental S......
Synthesis and improvement of flocculants for treating oily
wastewater
Wang Lina1, Li Ye1,Xue Shuang1,Fang
Bo2.
(1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan
University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070;
2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering ,Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan Hubei 400074)
Abstract: In order to improve the shortcomings of traditional technics for
synthesizing polyaluminium chloride, the industrial materials of the crystal of
aluminum chloride and the calcium oxide were used to synthesize polyalumium
chloride and then it was also be modified. The synthetic conditions of
polyaluminium chloride, which were concluded by orthogonality experiment and
the method of Al-Ferron complex colorimetric, are followings: initial Al
concentration is 1 mol/L, the ratio of materials is 1:1, reacting temperature
is between 60 ℃ and 70 ℃,curing temperature is between 45 ℃ and 55 ℃. When the ratio of Al/Si is between 0.7~1, polymerization time for polymerized silicic acid is 90 min and modulus of silicic acid is 2, which are all the fitting
synthetic conditions for modified polyaluminium chloride. Their flocculation
treating efficiencies become higher after being composite by other flocculants.
Keywords: Polyaluminium chloride Synthesis Species distributions
of aluminum composition Composite
国内外含油污水的治理技术中絮凝法因其具有投资费用低、设备简单、处理时间短等优点,得到了较为广泛的应用。无机高分子絮凝剂凭着无毒、廉价、高效等优势,在废水处理中占有重要位置,尤其是近年来各种复合絮凝剂的开发和利用,大大提高了絮凝反应的效能。国内生产聚合氯化铝(PAC)的方法有许多,目前主要以酸溶一步法、酸浸中和两步法、凝胶法、热分解法等为主[1~3]。在实验室中采用工业级结晶氯化铝和生石灰反应来制备PAC产品,并用聚硅酸进行改性。通过分析PAC及改性PAC中铝形态分布和絮凝沉淀试验研究处理效果来确定最佳合成工艺参数。
1 试验部分
1.1 试验材料
仪器:RET基本型加热磁力搅拌器;AR2140电子天平;六联搅拌器;PHS-3C数字式酸度计;WGZ-20浊度仪;HACH DR/4000U紫外分光光度计(1 cm比色皿);HACH-COD消解仪(具塞封密的比色消解管)等。
试剂:结晶氯化铝;生石灰和水玻璃为工业级原料;其余试剂均为分析纯。
1.2 PAC的合成与改性
利用正交试验确定最佳合成工艺参数,然后用聚硅酸进行改性,通过Al-Ferron络合比色法研究的PAC和改性PAC的铝形态分布,并对其合成工艺参数进行优化。
1.3 絮凝沉淀试验
取某污水处理厂含油污水进行烧杯絮凝沉淀试验,然后吸取上清液进行测定,研究它们与其他絮凝剂复配对絮凝处理效果的影响。
2 试验结果与讨论
2.1 合成工艺条件的选择
通过正交合成试验,考察氯化铝的初始浓度、氯化铝和氧化钙的配比、反应温度、熟化温度和熟化时间这五项因素对合成PAC质量的影响。用直接观察分析、一般计算分析和考察位级趋势分析分别得到三种优秀试验方案,再进行正交优化合成试验研究确定最佳合成参数:PAC合成反应的铝离子初始摩尔浓度为1
mol/L,物料比1:1,最佳反应温度是90 ℃,此时,不仅反应速度较快,而且PAC产品的质量较高。最佳熟化温度应控制为60~65 ℃,此条件下的产品氧化铝含量和盐基度都比较高,均高于液体PAC一级品的《国家质量指标》。熟化时间5 h和11 h对反应结果的影响相当,为了节省生产时间和生产成本,可将熟化时间定为5 h。
对所制备的PAC进行改性,取SiO2质量分数为3%,聚合一段时间,然后选择以适宜比例的聚合活化硅酸,慢慢加到自制的PAC溶液中,加完后,常温下继续搅拌30 min,制得硅改性聚铝絮凝剂(PACSi)。并利用絮凝正交试验研究改性PAC处理某污水处理厂含油污水的效果,从而确定改性PAC的制备工艺参数,即(1)选取模数为2.9的水玻璃并调节水玻璃pH为5.6制备得到聚硅酸,硅酸的聚合时间为90 min;(2)试验中改性PAC的Al/Si=0.7时处理效果最好,但 [1] [2] [3] 下一页
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